Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder, affecting around 1% of the population. Autism is highly variable in its presentation. People with autism differ from one another in how they relate to the world around them and in the severity of the difficulties they experience.
This variability is reflected in the terms we use to describe autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for a number of different forms of autism, including Childhood Autism and Asperger Syndrome. On this website the term ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ or ‘ASD’ is used to encompass all forms of autism.
All types of Autism Spectrum Disorder have several features in common. ASD is a lifelong condition that affects how a person relates to other people and how they make sense of the world around them. Difficulties associated with ASD will be evident in childhood, even if no diagnosis is given at that time. Many people are now diagnosed with autism in childhood. The general consensus is that it is most helpful if people are diagnosed when they are younger, as appropriate advice and support can then be offered to children, their families, and schools. However, for some people, the presenting difficulties may be subtle or more complex and in such situations diagnosis may not be made until adulthood.
People with autism experience difficulties in the following key areas:
Social communication – difficulties may include using and understanding verbal and non-verbal communication (including words, gestures, facial expressions and tone of voice)
Reciprocal social interaction – difficulties include recognising and understanding your own and other people’s feelings and intentions, and managing social exchanges
Social imagination – difficulties may include being able to adapt your behaviour to the situation, difficulties attributable to inflexible, restricted or repetitive patterns of thinking or behaviour, and difficulties coping with change
More Information
How does it feel to have Autism?
Autism can create significant challenges for people, their families, and friends.
People with ASD experience problems with social interaction. They may find it difficult to use and to understand non-verbal communication, such as gesture, facial expression and posture, and may find it difficult to use eye contact to regulate interaction. Often, people with ASD tell us that they find it difficult to establish and maintain relationships with other people, or they may find it very difficult to join in with groups of people. Some people with ASD are not particularly motivated to interact with other people. When engaged in social exchanges, people with ASD may find it difficult to know what to say, or how to respond to other people. Difficulties like these can lead to some people feeling anxious about interacting with other people or becoming socially isolated.
Communication can also be an area of difficulty for people with ASD. Some people fail to develop meaningful spoken language. For others, the level of difficulty is subtle. For example, some people may speak very fluently but have a very narrow range of conversational topics, or have difficulties understanding and using abstract or ambiguous language such as metaphors, or sarcasm. Again, for many adults with ASD, these difficulties can make social interaction and communication more challenging.
The third area of difficulty experienced by people with ASD relates to flexibility of thought and behaviour. People with ASD may experience difficulties because of their level of adherence to repetitive activities or routines. They may find change to routines or planned activities very difficult to accept and tolerate. They may have restricted interests, which can be particularly intense. Some people may show repetitive motor mannerisms, such as hand-flapping or rocking.
Some people with ASD experience sensory difficulties. They may find it very difficult to tolerate certain types of noise, certain visual stimuli (e.g. bright overhead lighting), or certain smells, tastes or textures. Exposure to such stimuli can cause people to feel very overwhelmed, and they may struggle to cope in environments where such stimuli are present. They may seek to leave, become distressed and upset or angry, or freeze.
Many people with ASD also describe difficulties with organisation, planning and decision-making. They can find it difficult to attend to activities, or to switch attention between activities.
Taken together, these difficulties can make the demands of everyday life very challenging for people with autism. Some people do learn to negotiate many social situations and social exchanges, but may find the process of doing so exhausting and, at times, overwhelming.
People with autism can also experience difficulties due to mental health problems. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that they are more likely than others to experience such problems. This is understandable when we consider the additional challenges they often face in everyday life. People with ASD may experience any type of mental health problem, including anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression and eating disorders.
Approximately 30% of people with ASD also have a diagnosis of learning disability. People who have a learning disability in addition to autism are likely to need some support to manage the tasks and activities of everyday living. In most circumstances, adults who have a diagnosis of learning disability will access support, including diagnostic assessment for autism, through local specialist services for people with learning disabilities.
Of course, some people with autism find that their way of viewing the world can be advantageous in some settings. Some people with autism report that their ability to focus intensely on a topic of interest can be very useful. Similarly, there are tasks and activities in which a logical, systematic approach to problem-solving is very valuable.
Living with…Autism
ASD is a pervasive disorder and, as such, it usually impacts on multiple aspects of everyday life. There is no cure for ASD, but support and information can help people to manage the condition. The support required varies from person to person according to the difficulties they experience. The difficulties experienced in each domain may also increase or decrease over time, depending on the person’s circumstances.
Understanding the condition can be very beneficial for people with ASD. Knowing why certain situations are stressful and more difficult can help people to prepare for particular experiences or events, and can help them to consider the coping strategies they might employ to manage the situation. Structure and routine can be very useful for people with ASD. Some people find it very helpful to plan their days and weeks carefully. Some people also find it helpful to intersperse periods of social activity with periods of time in which they can be alone, to rest or enjoy an activity they find relaxing. Learning how to recognise and manage stress and anxiety can also be very useful.
If you have ASD and are experiencing difficulties with anxiety, depression, or other mental health problems, it is important to seek support with these difficulties from within mental health services. There are a number of suggestions for sources of support under the ‘Find out more’ section of this page.
Find out more
Pathways to diagnosis
If you think that the difficulties you are experiencing might be due to autism spectrum disorder, you should discuss this with your GP. If you are already linked with another mental health service, you could discuss it with professionals in these services too. It can help to consider the following questions before you approach these discussions:
What difficulties do you experience in social interaction with other people?
What difficulties do you experience in communicating effectively with other people?
What difficulties do you experience because of inflexible, or restricted, patterns of behaviour (for example, consider any unusually intense interests, hobbies or routines, or difficulty coping with change)
Is there evidence of difficulties in these domains in both childhood and adulthood?
You may find this questionnaire, known as the AQ-10, helpful in considering whether the difficulties you experience may be attributable to ASD.
Your GP, or other healthcare professional, will help you to consider whether it would be appropriate to pursue diagnostic assessment. If you are already involved with mental health services, it may be that professionals within these services will be able to offer the diagnostic assessment. Alternatively, your GP, or mental health professional, may refer you to the NHS GG&C Adult Autism Team for assessment.
The NHSGGC Adult Autism Team works to support adults (over eighteen years old) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The team offers a diagnostic service, and post-diagnostic information and support for people who have received a diagnosis. The team also offers training and support to other services working with people with ASD.
While the diagnosis of ASD may be helpful, if some of the difficulties you experience are due to co-existing mental health problems, it is likely that you will require support to manage these too.
Not everyone who experiences difficulties that may be associated with ASD wants, or needs, to pursue a formal diagnosis. For some people, gathering information, particularly with regard to strategies for coping and self-management, will be sufficient.
Support after diagnosis
If you have already received a diagnosis of ASD, the NHSGGC Adult Autism Team (AAT) can support you to increase your knowledge and understanding of the condition, and develop strategies for coping with and managing the associated difficulties. This support is usually offered in a group setting. You can ask your GP, or another mental health professional, to refer you to the AAT for this type of support.
If you are already receiving support from a mental health service, this may continue after diagnosis according to your assessed needs.
Other sources of support
Autism is a pervasive condition, which can impact on many aspects of everyday life. As such, an NHS-based service is not always the best service to respond to all difficulties associated with ASD. Some difficulties may be better addressed by social work services, or third-sector organisations. Some suggestions for helpful organisations are provided below.
‘The autistic spectrum: a guide for parents and professionals’ by Lorna Wing (ISBN#1841196746)
‘Asperger’s syndrome: a guide for parents and professionals’ by Tony Attwood (ISBN#1853025771)
‘Autism: the facts’ by Simon Baron-Cohen and Patrick Bolton (ISBN#0192623273)
‘Asperger’s and Girls’ Featuring Tony Attwood and Temple Grandin (ISBN#978-1932565409)
Looking after someone with…Autism
Information for carers
Carers provide substantial and regular unpaid care for another person, such as a relative, partner or friend. Supporting an adult who has ASD can be difficult. Often carers know the person with ASD very well and may do many things to support the person and mediate the impact of autism on the person’s everyday life. It is important that carers also seek information and support for themselves when this is required.
All carers are entitled to a Carer’s Assessment if they choose. This is usually completed by social work services or carer’s organisations. This can help carers consider what their own needs might be in order to continue to provide care.
Support for carers can come from a variety of sources. Some local authorities may offer carers’ support groups where you may be able to meet other carers, share experiences and suggestions, and find out information about autism. It is important that carers look after their own physical and mental health needs also.
‘Fingers in the Sparkle Jar: A Memoir’ by Chris Packham (ISBN#978-1785033506)
‘Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’s’ by John Elder Robinson (ISBN#978-0091926335)
Alcohol and drug problems are very common. If you use drugs and/or alcohol and they are causing problems in other areas of your life such as your job, relationships, health, finances or emotional well-being, then this may be an issue for you.
Someone has an addiction or addictive behavior when doing, taking or using something gets out of control to the point where it could be harmful to them. If you are worried that you may have a problem with addictive behavior, you will find more information on NHS Inform pages specifically about problems with drugs or alcohol.
If you think you may be drinking excessively you can get information on alcohol-misuse including tests to assess your alcohol use and information on the risks of alcohol misuse. There are many other common addiction problems such as gambling, and nicotine, and it’s possible to be addicted to just about anything, including: work, the internet, sex, and shopping.
More Information
Below you will find a range of information on frequently asked questions about alcohol and drug problems.
What can I do about it?
If you think you have an alcohol or drug problem, there are lots of ways you can seek help. You could see your GP for advice or contact an organisation that specialises in helping people with alcohol and drug problems. There are local treatment services that will see people even if they’re not ready to stop. These services encourage people to talk about their alcohol or drug problems and what help they might be looking for.
There are many reasons why people can develop an addiction. Addictive behaviour, including using alcohol or drugs, can be a way of trying to forget about problems/worries or block out distressing thoughts or memories. Many people who have become dependent on alcohol or drugs have had traumatic life experiences and might be struggling to deal with the effects of these. Unemployment and poverty can increase the risk of someone developing addictive behaviour, along with stress and emotional or professional pressure. Environmental factors, such as being around other people with addictions, are also thought to increase the risk.
Drugs and alcohol are substances which affect the way you feel, both physically and mentally. These feelings can be enjoyable and create a powerful urge to use the substances again. When there is addictive behaviour, not having the substance causes withdrawal symptoms, or a “come down”. Because this can feel intolerable, it’s easier to carry on using the substance, and so the cycle continues. Often, using these substances gets out of control because you need more and more to satisfy a craving and achieve the “high”.
How can alcohol or drug problems affect you?
As addiction problems become more serious, attention is increasingly focused on obtaining and using alcohol or drugs, with a loss of interest in other aspects of life, including recreational activity, friends and family. In the case of using drugs and alcohol, an addiction can also have serious psychological and physical effects.
How can you get help for drug problems?
If you have a problem with drugs, there is a wide range of services that can help. Some of these services are provided by the NHS, and some are specialist drug facilities run by charities and private organisations. If you have a problem with drugs, you have the same entitlement to care as anyone coming to the NHS for help with any other health problem. With the right help and support, it’s possible for you to get drug free and stay that way.
A good place to start may be to visit your GP. Your GP can discuss your concerns with you, assess the nature of your problems, and help you choose the most appropriate treatment. They might offer to treat you or refer you to your local specialist drug service. Many drug treatment services accept self-referrals, so if you’re not comfortable talking to your GP, you might be able to approach your local drug treatment service directly.
You can find information about local drug treatment services on the FRANK website. If you’re having trouble finding the right sort of help, call the Frank drugs helpline on 0300 123 6600. An adviser can talk to you about the different options.
If you are seen at your local drug treatment service, first of all, you will be assessed. If treatment is appropriate for you, you will then be allocated a keyworker. Your keyworker will help you organise the treatment you need and develop a personalised care plan with you, and will be your first point of call throughout your treatment. You’ll see your keyworker for regular one-to-one sessions during your treatment.
Outside the NHS, there are many voluntary sector and private drug and alcohol treatment organisations that can help you. As well as providing residential rehab centres, voluntary organisations also offer various community services. These include structured day programmes, outreach and harm reduction services, counselling services, aftercare, and housing support services. These organisations will usually be linked to NHS services in your area.
How can you get help for alcohol problems?
Realising you have a problem with alcohol is the first step to making changes to your alcohol use, but it is often the hardest one. You may need help if:
You always feel the need to have a drink.
You get into trouble because of your drinking.
Other people warn you about how much you’re drinking.
A good place to start can be with your GP, and discussing with them how much you drink will help you work out together what support you might need. Your GP may refer you to a local community alcohol service. You can ask about free local support groups, day-centre counselling and one-to-one counselling.
If your body has become dependent on alcohol, stopping drinking overnight can be life-threatening, so get advice about cutting down gradually. You may be prescribed medication such as chlordiazepoxide, a sedative, to help with alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can range from not sleeping, agitation, anxiety, sweating and tremors, right through to vomiting, diarrhoea, hallucinations and seizures.
Cutting down and stopping drinking is often just the beginning, and most people will need some kind of help to stay alcohol-free in the long term. Getting support – beyond family, friends or carers – is crucial to understanding and overcoming the issues that are connected to your drinking.
How can you support someone with a drug problem?
If you are supporting someone who is using or trying to come off drugs, there are some common issues you’re likely to face. It can be hard to accept that the person was or is taking drugs to begin with, and when the reality sinks in, it can be difficult to know what to do first.
If you want to know where to get help FRANK is a good place to start. They have a 24-hour helpline (0300 123 66 00) and website that provide in-depth information about drugs, and advice about drugs-related services.
Your GP can talk to you about the kinds of treatment options and services available. They should be able to give you information about the effects of the drugs the person you’re caring for has been taking, including the signs of withdrawal. They will also be able to give details of local support groups.
If you are worried that someone you care for is at risk of an overdose with opiates, you may want to know about recognising overdose and knowing what to do in these situations.
You may not see yourself as a carer or someone with needs of their own. But caring for someone using or coming off drugs can be demanding. If you have someone in your household who is unable to stop using drugs, it can be very stressful, upsetting and frustrating.
Even if your loved one accepts that they have a problem and decides to stop taking drugs, you may need to help them get through the withdrawal and recovery period. There may be some difficult, emotional times during this process.
Sometimes the best option for carers is to let their loved ones face the consequences of continuing their drug use. This can be tough as it’s natural to want to rescue someone from the harmful effects of their addiction, such as poverty or ill health.
But there are lots of support organisations that can help you care for someone using or coming off drugs. Carers often find that talking to someone who knows what they’re going through is really helpful. This could be through workshops, one-to-one sessions with a specially trained counsellor, or simply talking to other carers.
Adfam– A national organisation working with and for families affected by drugs and alcohol. It can advise you about financial worries, understanding how to help during different stages of recovery, and coping with difficult behaviour.
Families Anonymous run local support groups for the family and friends of people with a current, suspected or former drug problem. Helpline number: 0845 1200 660 (calls costs up to 8p per minute, plus your phone company’s access charge per minute)
“The stigma will affect both the alcoholic and the carer,” says Lindon. “It can affect their ability to ask for and get help.”
How can you support someone with an alcohol problem?
If you are a carer for someone with an alcohol problem, finding help can be a frustrating experience, and it may be a struggle to get the recognition and support you’re entitled to. “They have not always been perceived as ‘legitimate’ carers,” says Drew Lindon of The Princess Royal Trust for Carers (now the Carers Trust). “But it is clear from the legislation and the National Carers Strategy that people who take care of problem drinkers should be recognised as carers,” he says.
The shame often associated with alcohol problems, as well as difficulty accepting that there is a problem, can be an obstacle to getting help. “The stigma will affect both the alcoholic and the carer,” says Lindon. “It can affect their ability to ask for and get help.”
Being a carer is hard work and, with so much to do, it can be difficult to find quality time for yourself. Staying well and healthy increases your ability to look after someone. But nobody can plan for every eventuality and we all get ill sometimes. Read about carers’ breaks and respite care for advice on getting help with caring for someone and breaks from caring. “Carers for alcoholics need to be seen as partners in care,” says Lindon. “They are an essential part of the care and treatment process. They need and deserve support for themselves. “If carers are not supported and their health suffers, who will support the person they are caring for? The health and social care system would not survive without carers’ support.”
Al-Anon Family Groups offer support to people affected by someone else’s drinking. These groups meet weekly to offer understanding and encouragement, and share their experience of dealing with their common problem.
Adfam Adfam is a UK charity working to improve life for families affected by drugs and alcohol. Email: admin@adfam.org.uk
Scottish Drug Services – An online Directory to help people find information on all drug treatment and rehabilitation services in Scotland.
Crew – A drugs charity based in Edinburgh providing non-judgemental, relevant information, advice and support. You can chat online confidentially or join in the conversation on their forums.
Scottish Drugs Forum – Providing information on drugs and harm reduction, including information about specific drugs.
SMART Recovery (SMART) – A science-based programme to help people manage their recovery from any type of addictive behaviour. This includes addictive behaviour with substances such as alcohol, nicotine or drugs, or compulsive behaviours such as gambling, sex, eating, shopping, self-harming and so on. SMART stands for ‘Self Management And Recovery Training’.
The leaflet ‘Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction’ has information to help the carers of people with alcohol and drug problems (substance misuse)
Scottish Families Affected by Alcohol & Drugs (SFAAD) provide information, help and support for families across Scotland who are affected by alcohol or drug misuse and raise awareness of the issues affecting them.
Family Addiction Support Service (FASS) is a confidential support service for parents, spouses, partners and adult family members affected by or concerned about a loved one’s drug or alcohol use. They offer support, counselling, advice and information.
FASS telephone no.: 0141 420 2050 Mon to Fri 9am to 4pm
Someone has an addiction or addictive behaviour when doing, taking or using something gets out of control to the point where it could be harmful to them.
Alcohol and drug problems are very common. If you use drugs and/or alcohol and they are causing problems in other areas of your life such as your job, relationships, health, finances or emotional well-being, then this may be an issue for you. There are many other common addiction problems such as gambling, and nicotine, and it’s possible to be addicted to just about anything, including: work, internet, sex, shopping.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Information about the Mental Health (Care & Treatment)(Scotland) Act 2003 and what it may mean for you
The Mental Health Act is the piece of law which ensures those with a mental disorder receive appropriate care, as well as help to manage their safety when vulnerable. Most people who have a mental disorder understand the need for help and treatment, but for some this ability is impaired. The Mental Health Act can be used by experienced medical professionals only when specific criteria are met. A key principle of the Act is reciprocity, that is as well as the expectation the individual will receive care, Mental Health professionals must attempt to ensure that the views and wishes, of the individual, are expressed and heard at the time.
There are many safeguards within the Act, including the right of appeal. All individuals under the Act will be informed of their rights and be entitled to free legal representation. Further safeguarding is provided by the Mental Welfare Commission in Scotland who monitors use of the Act, ensures individual care is lawful and respects individuals’ rights.
Named Persons
Adults over 16 can choose someone as a ‘Named Person’ to act on their behalf should they be under the powers of the Mental Health Act. This person has the same rights as the person being treated to be notified of, attend, and be represented at a Mental Health Tribunal hearing.
This is a very important and significant role and it is best to choose someone who knows you well and can be effective at these hearings in order to get the best out of this safeguard.
The Right to Make an Advance Statement
You have the right to make a written statement about your mental health treatment when you are mentally well and have capacity. This must be taken into account by the services treating you and is important at a mental health tribunal (see below).
Many people have strong opinions about their mental health treatment and it is important to know that the people treating you when unwell often do not know you or do not know you as a well person. An advance statement is your opportunity to tell mental health services your views about your treatment so that they are better placed to help you.
The Mental Health Tribunal system is a third party arbiter that is involved in any disagreements relating to a person’s mental health treatment as well as decisions about Compulsory Treatment Orders. People receiving treatment, or their named person, have the right to challenge compulsory treatment orders and aspects of a person’s care. In addition, the Tribunal must listen to your views and make any decisions fairly and impartially.
In some instances, there is a need to provide treatment when a person is unable to consent, or against the will of an individual. This can only happen with a Compulsory Treatment Order. These orders (often shortened to CTO) have to be granted by a Mental Health Tribunal. The patient, a named person and the patient’s primary carer are entitled to be heard by the Tribunal. The patient and the named person are entitled to free legal representation for the tribunal hearing.
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Mental Health (Care & Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003
Most of the time, when people become unwell, they understand that they need treatment. But sometimes, people are unable to agree to treatment as a direct result of their mental disorder and are likely to be at risk to themselves or to others as a result of their mental disorder. The Mental Health Act is a law that allows for the provision of necessary care and treatment in these circumstances. It only applies to people who have a mental illness, learning disability or a personality disorder. The Act allows for the provision of necessary care and treatment for the mental disorder and should be for as short a period as necessary and the least restrictive option for the individual.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
Advanced Statement
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Advanced Statement
An advance statement is a written statement made by you when you are well setting out the care and treatment you would prefer or would dislike, should you become mentally unwell in the future. Anyone treating you for a mental disorder has a duty to find out and take into account your wishes about how you would like to be treated. However, this may be difficult if you become so unwell that your ability to make decisions about your treatment or to make your views clear has become significantly impaired.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
Independent advocacy is a way to help people have a stronger voice and to have as much control as possible over their own lives. The independent advocate helps the person/group to get the information they need to make real choices about their circumstances and supports the person/group to put their choices across to others. An independent advocate may speak on behalf of people who are unable to do so for themselves but will not make decisions on behalf of the person/group they are supporting. Independent Advocacy organisations are separate from Mental Health Services.
Independent Advocates are available for all those being treated for mental health disorders and not just those under the Mental Health Act.
People can experience discrimination as a result of their sex, race, social class, physical and mental abilities, sexual orientation, religion and age. This can, in turn, lead to the differences that exist in people’s health.
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde wants to ensure that everyone who uses the health service or works for us is treated fairly. Our Equalities in Health website explains what we are doing to achieve this.
Laws are now in place which are designed to protect people from unfair discrimination due to their personal characteristics. Referred to as ‘protected characteristics’, these include age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage & civil partnership, pregnancy & maternity, sex, race, religion & belief and sexual orientation.
Welcome to the Heads Up British Sign language (BSL) section.
This webpage is specifically for BSL users living in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area whose preferred method of communication is using sign language. Research has shown that many sign language users have difficulties accessing written health information due to language and communication limitations. All of the resources featured below are in BSL enabling empowerment for the Deaf community.
These resources are provided as one of our methods of improving communication with the Deaf community.
Positive Signs – Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing for Deaf Community
This suite of short films is one of the prevention measures with the aim to improve access for Deaf people. This also supports improvement of their self-management maintaining and preserving their own mental health. This suite of films also highlights to health and care staff how to improve their awareness of the particular needs of Deaf people and the culture they inhabit.
Understanding mental health
These films are conversational pieces in BSL and subtitles between two deaf people exploring and describing poor mental health. This also covers the pathway for Deaf people where to receive help if they recognise the symptoms as described in the films.
Accessing mental health services
Positive mental health and wellbeing
A documentary style interviewing Deaf BSL users from all walks of life focusing on improving their own mental well being.
Below are two individual emotional stories depicting practices of the mental health pathway exploring missed opportunities and barriers for deaf people, as well as positive experiences of using interpreting services to access mental health support.
Jo’s story
Sam’s story
Further translations requests and contact details
Below is further information where BSL users can get help:
Breathing Space – BSL Services – In time of crisis, BSL users can use Breathing Space to share their concerns using a video relay service.
If you would like to have any materials/resources that are on the Heads Up webpage be translated into BSL, please contact Paul Hull by email at Paul.Hull@ggc.scot.nhs.uk
At NHSGGC we are committed to Deaf people receiving fair and equitable care, otherwise you can contact Paul McCusker by email at Paul.McCusker@ggc.scot.nhs.uk
Please also have a look below for further information about Mental Health Conditions in BSL.
A-Z Mental Health Conditions – BSL
Below is a selection of videos for BSL users on a range of mental health conditions.
Addictions
Someone has an addiction or addictive behaviour when doing, taking or using something gets out of control to the point where it could be harmful to them.
Alcohol and drug problems are very common. If you use drugs and/or alcohol and they are causing problems in other areas of your life such as your job, relationships, health, finances or emotional well-being, then this may be an issue for you. There are many other common addiction problems such as gambling, and nicotine, and it’s possible to be addicted to just about anything, including: work, internet, sex, shopping.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Bipolar Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mental health problem that affects your mood. It is characterised by prolonged changes to the person’s mood. These usually last several weeks or months and are far beyond what most of us experience. The person might experience:
Periods of feeling very low and down
Periods of feeling excessively happy and energetic for no apparent reason
Sometimes the person may have unusual experiences, strange thoughts or might behave out of character during these periods.
These episodes would usually affect the persons day to day life and make it difficult for them to function as they normally would.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Depression and Anxiety
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. You may have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities, and sometimes you may feel as if life isn’t worth living.
Eating Disorders
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Anorexia Nervosa
A type of eating disorder where the person will restrict the amount of food they take in with a view to losing weight or maintaining a low body weight that is unhealthy. It is frequently associated with an increased pre-occupation with their weight and possibly perceiving themselves as being fat or over-weight even when this might not be the case.
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Bulimia Nervosa
A type of eating disorder where a person goes through periods where they eat a lot of food in a very short amount of time (binge eating) and then are deliberately sick, use laxatives (medication to help them poo) or do excessive exercise, or a combination of these, to try to stop themselves gaining weight.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, and is not a description of the text on this website.
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Anxiety
Anxiety is a feeling that we can all get but sometimes it can become excessive and stop you from doing the things you want to. These feelings can become a problem when they cause distress or make us feel uncomfortable. There are various types of anxiety disorders depending on how often they occur or if they are triggered by certain things. Examples might be when the feelings of anxiety can occur all the time for no apparent reason with lots of worrying thoughts and physical symptoms such as a racing heart, feeling breathless, knot in your stomach, increased sweating. This is called Generalised Anxiety. Sometimes these symptoms can occur without warning for short periods of time for no apparent reason. These are called Panic attacks. Sometimes the feelings of aniety can be brought on by specific things such as a fear of heights or crowded places or spiders etc. These are described as Phobias.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Sleep Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Sleep Disorder
Occasional sleep disturbance is common and quite a normal experience familiar to us all. Everyone experiences difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep at some time in their lives. This often occurs at times of change or times of stress. Insomnia is a condition where you have problems getting to sleep or staying asleep for 3 or more nights per week and persisting for at least 6 months. There might also be daytime mood and performance effects.
People with insomnia often experience:
Difficulty falling asleep
Difficulty staying asleep
Frequent night time awakenings
Feeling very tired the next day
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. In this condition, the person suffers from obsessions and/or compulsions that affects their everyday life.
An obsession is an unwanted and unpleasant thought, image or urge that repeatedly enters your mind, causing feelings of anxiety, disgust or unease.
A compulsion is a repetitive behaviour or mental act that you feel you need to carry out to try to temporarily relieve the unpleasant feelings brought on by the obsessive thought.
If you have OCD these thoughts cause lots of anxiety and they can be extremely difficult to ignore. You might find that you spend lots of time worrying about what your thoughts mean. You might also complete behaviours to try and stop your feelings of anxiety.
Not everyone who experiences obsessions will have compulsive behaviours but often compulsive behaviours are very subtle and feel like a natural reaction to obsessive thoughts. You might perform a behaviour that seems unrelated to your original worry, for example repeating a certain word or phrase to yourself to “neutralise” a thought.
Some people can only suffer from obsessions, whilst others suffer from a mixture of both obsessions and compulsions.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Panic Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Panic Attack
Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense anxiety which appear to have no obvious triggers or reasoning. They can happen when a person least expects it and can be very distressing and frightening for the person. They can be accompanied by physical symptoms such as a racing heart, feeling faint or dizzy, sweating, trembling, feeling shaky, breathlessness and agitation. The person may feel like they are losing control or dying.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Postnatal Depression
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Postnatal Depression
Postnatal depression (PND) affects around 10% of mothers. This is much more serious than the period post birth known as ‘baby blues’ which usually lasts between one to three days. PND can develop slowly and may not be noticeable until several weeks after the baby’s birth, or may continue on from the baby blues period. The symptoms of postnatal depression are similar to those in depression at other times. These include low mood, sleep and appetite problems, poor motivation and pessimistic or negative thinking. It can have a significant impact on the health and wellbeing of the mother and the child.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Postpartum Psychosis
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Post-Partum Psychosis
It is a severe episode of mental illness which begins suddenly in the days or weeks after having a baby. Symptoms vary and can change rapidly. They can include high mood (mania), depression, confusion, unusual experiences and strange thoughts. Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency. You should seek help as quickly as possible.
Postpartum psychosis can happen to any woman. It often occurs ‘out of the blue’ to women who have not been ill before. It can be a frightening experience for women, their partners, friends and family. Women usually recover fully after an episode of postpartum psychosis.
It is much less common than Baby Blues or Postnatal Depression. It occurs in about 1 in every 1000 women (0.1%) who have a baby.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Phobias
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Phobias
A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is an extreme form of fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation (such as going outside) or object (such as spiders), even when there is no danger. For example, you may know that it is safe to be out on a balcony but feel terrified to go out on it or even enjoy the view from behind the windows inside the building. Likewise, you may know that a spider isn’t poisonous or that it won’t bite you, but this still doesn’t reduce your anxiety.
Someone with a phobia may even feel this extreme anxiety just by thinking or talking about the particular situation or object.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a type of anxiety disorder which you may develop after being involved in, or witnessing, traumatic events. A traumatic event is one where you are in danger, your life is threatened, or where you see other people dying or being injured. Examples of traumatic events include road traffic accidents, assaults and sexual assaults, being involved in a natural disaster such as an earthquake, witnessing or experiencing war, torture, or being held hostage.
It is usual for a traumatic event to cause upset and distress. Most people will recover with the support and care offered by family and friends and by using the ways of coping that they would normally use to deal with stress. However, some people will experience distress that is more intense and longer lasting and may result in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of PTSD include nightmares relating to the event, avoidance of things that may remind the person of the trauma, flashbacks, feeling on edge and always on the lookout for danger, and negative changes in mood and thoughts.
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Trauma
The situations we find traumatic can vary from person to person. There are many different harmful or life-threatening events that might cause someone to develop PTSD. A traumatic event is one where you see that you are in danger, your life is threatened, or where you see other people dying or being injured.
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
Psychosis
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Psychosis
Psychosis is a term used to describe a number of unusual experiences:
hearing or seeing things that other people can’t hear or see (hallucinations)
holding unusual beliefs that people from a similar background would think strange or irrational (this includes delusions and paranoia)
being so jumbled in thoughts or speech that other people can’t easily make sense of what you are meaning (thought disorder)
experiencing periods of confusion – for example: becoming very distracted and finding it difficult to pay attention or make decisions
Psychosis can happen to anyone, up to 10 per cent of people will at some point in their life hear a voice talking to them when there is no-one there. Lots of things can contribute to a person experiencing psychosis such as stress, physical illnesses, using drugs or alcohol and mental illnesses.
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects thinking, emotions and behaviour. It is the most common form of psychosis. Schizophrenia usually affects people for the first time when they reach early adulthood – from their late teens to early thirties. Symptoms include:
Hallucinations – hearing, smelling, feeling or seeing something that isn’t there.
Delusions – believing something completely even though others find your ideas strange and can’t work out how you’ve come to believe them.
Difficulty thinking – you find it hard to concentrate and tend to drift from one idea to another. Other people can find it hard to understand you.
Feeling controlled – you may feel that your thoughts are vanishing, or that they are not your own, or that your body is being taken over and controlled by someone else.
Other symptoms include:
Loss of interest, energy and emotions.
Problems with motivation and organising yourself.
Problems with routine jobs like washing, tidying, or looking after yourself
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Stress
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Stress
Stress is normal and it affects everyone. It usually happens when you are in a situation that puts you under pressure. It can happen when you have lots to think about or do or when you don’t feel you have much control over a situation. It usually happens when you have things to do that you find difficult to cope with. Many situations can cause stress including relationships, work demands, financial worries and so on. It can have an effect on our emotions, thoughts, behaviour and physical wellbeing
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Suicide and Self-Harm
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Self-Harm
At times in our life we can all find it difficult to cope, sometimes we harm ourselves or think of ending our lives. Self-harm is a way of coping with very deep distress. The ways in which people harm themselves vary and can be physical such as cutting or less obvious such as putting themselves in risky situations or not looking after their physical or emotional needs.
NHSGG&C BSL A-Z: Mental Health – Suicide
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
There are six Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCP) across the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area, who manage a wide range of local health and social care services delivered in health centres, clinics, schools and homes.
East Dunbartonshire HSCP – Bearsden, Milngavies, Torrance, Cadder, Campsie Glen, Kikintilloch and Twechar
East Renfrewshire HSCP – Neilston, Uplawmoor Newton Mearns, Barrhead, Giffnock, Stamperland,Clarkston, Eaglesham
Inverclyde HSCP – Greenock, Inverkip, Gourock, Port Glasgow, Kilmacolm, Quarriers Village, Wemyss Bay
West Dunbartonshire HSCP – Balloch, Renton, Bellsmyre, Alexandria, Gartochan, Bowling, Old Kilpatrick, Clydebank
Are you providing regular help to a partner, neighbour, relative or friend who is experiencing mental health issues and could not manage otherwise?
Maybe you don’t think of yourself as a carer – few people do – however to a degree we are all carers. We look after our children when they’re small, we look after our homes, we take an interest in our wider family, friends, neighbours etc. We lend a hand if someone asks us to help out but when ill health strikes, particularly mental ill health, you can feel that your whole world has been turned upside down. It can be complex, challenging, even difficult at times. Families and carers play a key role in the recovery of those with mental health problems and are entitled to help and support. With appropriate advice, information, resolve and determination you can play an invaluable role in helping someone recover from their difficulties.
It is important that you too are recognised as an equal partner in the care of someone you are looking after. NHSGGC uses the partnership-working model called the Triangle of Care so this takes place.
More Information
Triangle of Care
The Triangle of Care approach was initially developed by carers and staff seeking to improve carer engagement in acute inpatient services. It has now been extended to cover all mental health services whether they are an inpatient, community team or specialist service such as eating disorders or forensic mental health services.
There are six key standards to the Triangle of Care which all mental health services are working towards.
Carers and the essential role they play are identified at first contact or as soon as possible thereafter
Staff are ‘carer aware’ and trained in carer engagement strategies
Policy and practice protocols on confidentiality and sharing information, are in place
Defined post(s) responsible for carers are in place
A carer introduction to the service and staff is available, with a relevant range of information across the care pathway
A range of carer support services is available.
The Carers Trust has further information about the Triangle of Care and what it can mean for you.
Looking after yourself
Things you can do, as a carer, to look after yourself?
The hints and suggestions below have been put together by fellow carers.
It’s okay to ask for help
Learning and getting the right information is essential
Take time out for yourself
It’s okay to be upset and emotional
Talking to someone who can understand and empathise with your situation can really help
Use support groups
Find out how others cope
Focus on positive things
Share your view with service providers – having your voice heard can be empowering.
Health and Well-Being
As a carer it is important to remember to look after your own physical, social and emotional health needs This may at times feel impossible, however, these areas may assist you in your caring role.
Physical – Ask for a health check at your GP surgery or some carer centres can direct you to have one carried out. Look after your physical health by eating a well-balanced diet. Aim to get enough sleep, and try to get some exercise which will help you relax, feel better and improve your health and wellbeing.
Social – Try to get time out from your caring role to socialise with family members and friends. Maintain or develop new interests or hobbies. If you are on your own speak to a carers centre who can advise you about social opportunities.
Emotional – You might find it helpful to access advice and support from agencies such as Social Work, CMHT, local voluntary agencies or a dedicated carer centre. Talking to other carers who have experienced similar situations to you can often help. Emotional and educational support can also help especially if you feel that you have no one to turn to. Sometimes talking to professionals can help too if you feel you need more than just a listening ear your GP can direct you to agencies which offer CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) or talking therapies in your local area.
Recognising your role as a carer
Many people do not see themselves as a ‘carer’ in a formal sense. Many people view caring for someone as a duty.
Carer’s Rights/Legislation
The Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 provides you with the right to request an Adult Carers Support Plan. This is a plan which can help you look at what you need in order to provide you, as a carer, with support and the chance to have a life outside of caring. You can request this via the local Social Work Department or speak to the Social Worker or Community Psychiatric Nurse in the local Community Mental Health Team. You are entitled to this Adult Carers Support Plan even if the person you care for does not want you to have one; this is about you the carer and what you need.
If you are 18 and under you may be considered to be a young carer and can, under the Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 be entitled to a Young Carers Statement. You can contact your local Social Work Department about this or if you attend a young carer service speak to the workers there.
It never fails that a crisis probably happens at the most inconvenient time – late at night, over a weekend, or when you are planning a break. At such times it is not easy to respond in the best or most appropriate way.
It is helpful therefore to try to think about some of the worst-case scenarios in advance, and how might you respond, who might you call on and where to keep this information safe and handy. It’s like having a plan of action you can turn to help you through.
Make sure you have the numbers of our out of hours’ services that are available in your area. Similarly have the numbers for relatives and friends who can be called on at short notice, either to give you support in your home to deal with the emergency. It is good if these people are with you once the crisis/emergency has ended as you might like someone to talk about how you feel.
Keep contact numbers of the all the services involved in the care and treatment of the person you care for, make sure these numbers are in a safe and handy place. If storing them in your mobile, make sure it is charged, or keep written copies.
Any plans you make for dealing with emergencies should be agreed between you and the person you care for when that person is well. This is not always easy as many people do not want to think about being ill again. However, if you have a backup plan it may actually be helpful in avoiding a more serious crisis.
A Carer is anybody who provides support and care to someone who has an illness, disability, mental health problem or an addiction. In most cases, this is an unpaid role. Being a carer can be difficult and have an impact on the person’s life. There are a range of supports available and carers are also entitled to a formal assessment of their needs
Please note that this video is from a range of BSL videos published by NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
